HealthFlowSources of reference ranges
273 markers · 320 sources
HealthFlow knows 273 biomarkers. For each one, this page lists where its reference range and status zones come from — 320 sources in total.
Your lab's range comes first. If your report includes a reference range, HealthFlow uses it for that result. The ranges below are used only when the report has none, and for markers from Apple Health.
Ranges depend on age, sex and some conditions such as pregnancy; the app picks the range that matches your profile. Reference ranges describe a population — they are not a diagnosis.
Found an error? Write to support@myhealthflow.app.
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Blood count 41
- Antithrombin III
- University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia ↗
- aPTT
- laboratory reference interval ↗University of Rochester Medical Center - Health Encyclopedia (aPTT) ↗
- Basophils Absolute
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) - Normal and Abnormal Complete Blood Count With Differential ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) - Basophilia ↗
- Eosinophils %
- Helix (lab reference intervals)
- Eosinophils Absolute
- Helix (lab reference intervals)StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) — Eosinophilia ↗
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
- UCSF Health ↗
- Factor VIII Activity
- National Bleeding Disorders Foundation (bleeding.org) ↗
- Fibrinogen
- MedlinePlus (NIH) ↗
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD), Quantitative
- Cura4U Lab Tests ↗
- Haptoglobin
- UCSF Health ↗
- Hematocrit
- Medscape (StatPearls / reference lab interval) ↗WHO 2016 polycythemia vera criteria (via StatPearls) ↗
- Hemoglobin
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Invitro (lab reference intervals)WHO Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia (2024) ↗WHO Guideline on haemoglobin cutoffs to define anaemia (severity method, 2024) ↗
- INR
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf), International Normalized Ratio: Assessment, Monitoring, and Clinical Implications ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗
- Lymphocytes Absolute
- laboratory reference interval ↗NCBI StatPearls (NIH) — Lymphocytosis ↗
- MCH
- Helix (lab reference intervals)StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) — Normal and Abnormal Complete Blood Count With Differential ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) — Complete Blood Count With Differential ↗
- MCHC
- Wikipedia (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration), citing standard blood-test reference ranges ↗
- MCV
- Helix (lab reference intervals)StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) / Cleveland Clinic ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗
- Monocytes %
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, NIH) — Normal and Abnormal Complete Blood Count With Differential ↗
- Monocytes Absolute
- Cleveland Clinic ↗MSD Manual Professional Edition (Monocytopenia) ↗Cleveland Clinic (Monocytosis) ↗
- MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Neutrophils Absolute
- Lab reference interval (catalog); clinical threshold per StatPearls/NCBI ↗StatPearls / NCBI Bookshelf (Neutropenia) ↗
- P-LCR (Platelet Large Cell Ratio)
- Helix (lab reference intervals) ↗
- PDW (Platelet Distribution Width)
- Analyzer/lab-dependent (no guideline standard); PMC review (Moli-Family cohort) ↗
- Plateletcrit
- Analyzer reference interval (hematology analyzers, generally accepted; not from Helix harvest)
- Protein C activity
- OHSU Laboratory Services (Oregon Health & Science University) ↗
- Protein S activity
- UCSF Health / MedlinePlus (consumer reference) ↗
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- laboratory reference interval ↗
- RDW
- Helix (lab reference intervals)
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- MedlinePlus (NIH) RBC count ↗
- Reticulocytes %
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Reticulocytes Absolute
- Lab-reported reference interval (catalog); adult percentage range per Cleveland Clinic and StatPearls/NCBI ↗
- Thrombin Time (TT)
- University Hospitals Health Library; Wikipedia (Thrombin time) ↗
- von Willebrand Factor Activity (Ristocetin Cofactor)
- Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine — von Willebrand disease: A guide for the internist (2024) ↗ASH/ISTH/NHF/WFH 2021 VWD Guidelines (How I treat low VWF, Blood) ↗
- von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWF:Ag)
- ASH/ISTH/NHF/WFH 2021 Guidelines on the Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease (Blood Advances) ↗ASH/ISTH/NHF/WFH 2021 Guidelines on the Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease ↗
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Merck Manual (Consumer Version) ↗
Blood gases 4
Digestion 6
- Calprotectin (stool)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)American Family Physician (AAFP) — Fecal Calprotectin for the Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease ↗NCBI Bookshelf — Faecal calprotectin testing for differentiating inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel diseases: systematic review ↗
- Fecal Occult Blood (FOBT)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Pancreatic Elastase (stool)
- University of Michigan MLabs (Elastase, Pancreatic, Stool) ↗
- Tissue Transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA)
- Labcorp Test 164640: Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG), IgA ↗
Electrolytes 11
- Anion Gap (calc)
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf), Biochemistry, Anion Gap ↗
- Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- National Kidney Foundation ↗
- Calcium (total)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Merck Manual Professional (hypocalcemia & hypercalcemia thresholds) ↗Merck Manual Professional (Hypocalcemia) ↗Merck Manual Professional ↗Merck Manual Professional (Hypercalcemia) ↗
- Chloride
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (NIH/NLM) — Chloride test - blood ↗MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (NIH/NLM) ↗
- Ionized Calcium
- laboratory reference interval ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) - Hypocalcemia ↗acutecaretesting.org - Ionized calcium ↗
- Magnesium
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Merck Manual Professional Edition — Overview of Disorders of Magnesium Concentration ↗
- Phosphate (PO4)
- Merck Manual Professional Edition (Hypophosphatemia / Hyperphosphatemia) ↗Merck Manual Professional Edition (Hypophosphatemia) ↗Merck Manual Professional Edition ↗Merck Manual Professional Edition (Hyperphosphatemia) ↗
- Potassium
- NCBI Clinical Methods (Serum Potassium) / reference lab serum interval ↗Cleveland Clinic (Hypokalemia) ↗UK Kidney Association / European Resuscitation Council ↗
- Serum Osmolality
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, NIH) ↗
- Sodium
- University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia (Sodium Blood) ↗University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia ↗
- Urine Osmolality
- OHSU Lab Services (Osmolality, Urine) ↗
Glucose metabolism 14
- Adiponectin
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Blood Glucose (Device)
- HealthFlow
- Glucose (Fasting)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)American Diabetes Association — Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026 (Diagnosis and Classification) ↗American Diabetes Association — Standards of Care 2026 ↗American Diabetes Association — Standards of Care 2026 / WHO ↗
- Glucose (Random)
- Common laboratory/clinical reference range for casual (random) plasma glucose ↗American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes 2026 (Diagnosis and Classification) ↗
- Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65) Antibody
- Kronus GAD65 Antibody ELISA (FDA-cleared assay), as reported by reference laboratories ↗
- Hemoglobin A1c
- American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes (Diagnosis and Classification) ↗American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes ↗
- HOMA-IR (calc)
- NHANES (via MDCalc) ↗
- Insulin (Fasting)
- HealthMatters.io (lab-population reference interval) ↗
- Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio
- Frühbeck et al., Adipocyte 2018 (PMC5915018) ↗
- OGTT 2h Glucose
- American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (Diagnosis and Classification) ↗American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 ↗
- Proinsulin (Intact)
- University of Iowa Department of Pathology Laboratory Services Handbook ↗
Heart 14
- ADMA/SDMA (Asymmetric & Symmetric Dimethylarginine)
- Schwedhelm et al., PLOS ONE meta-analysis of 66 studies (5,528 healthy adults), HPLC method ↗
- Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- F2-Isoprostanes
- Petrosino et al., validated UHPLC-MS/MS reference range study (Free Radical Biology and Medicine) ↗
- High-sensitivity Troponin
- MedicineNet (reference lab values); ACC (99th percentile is assay-specific, not standardized) ↗
- Homocysteine
- NCBI StatPearls (Hyperhomocysteinemia) ↗
- Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
- AAFP (American Family Physician) — PLAC Test for Lp-PLA2 Activity to Predict Coronary Heart Disease ↗AAFP — PLAC Test for Lp-PLA2 Activity ↗AAFP — PLAC Test for Lp-PLA2 Activity (manufacturer cutoff 225 nmol/min/mL) ↗
- Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
- Association of chronic neutrophil activation with risk of mortality, PLOS ONE 2023 (Cleveland HeartLab standard cutoffs) ↗PLOS ONE 2023 / Cleveland HeartLab standard cutoffs ↗
- NT-proBNP
- laboratory reference interval ↗Heart Failure Association of the ESC clinical consensus statement (NT-proBNP algorithms) ↗
- Omega-3 Index (OmegaCheck)
- OmegaQuant ↗
- Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
- Cleveland Clinic — Blood Tests to Determine Risk of Coronary Artery Disease ↗Cleveland HeartLab / Quest Diagnostics (commercial lab reference) ↗Cleveland HeartLab / Quest Diagnostics (commercial lab reference, as published by walkinlab/truehealthlabs)
Hormones 26
- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (NIH) ↗University of Michigan MLabs ↗UCSF Health ↗
- Aldosterone
- University of Michigan MLabs ↗
- Aldosterone/Renin Ratio (ARR)
- Wikipedia (Aldosterone-to-renin ratio) ↗
- AMH (Anti-Müllerian hormone)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Yoo et al., age-specific serum AMH in Korean women (PMC3283054) ↗
- Cortisol (AM)
- NCBI/NIH clinical reference (morning serum cortisol, 8 AM, healthy adults) ↗NCBI/NIH clinical reference ↗
- DHT, Free (Equilibrium Dialysis)
- Labcorp Endocrine Expected Values (Specialty Testing) — Test 504026, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Free, LC/MS/Dialysis ↗Labcorp (Test 504026, Free DHT by equilibrium dialysis)
- Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
- Lab-method reference interval (LC-MS/MS); no single guideline-defined cutoff exists ↗
- Estradiol
- Helix (lab reference intervals)University of Iowa Health Care — Clinical Laboratory Handbook (Estradiol E2) ↗hardcoded_v3
- Estradiol, Sensitive (LC/MS-MS)
- HealthMatters.io (Estradiol, Ultrasensitive, LC/MS reference intervals) ↗HealthMatters.io (Estradiol, Ultrasensitive, LC/MS) ↗
- Growth Hormone (GH)
- UF Health (University of Florida Health) ↗
- IGF-1
- University of Rochester Medical Center / University of Iowa Health Care lab reference intervals ↗
- Plasma Renin Activity
- University of Iowa Diagnostic Laboratories (Pathology Handbook, Mayo-derived ranges) ↗
- Pregnenolone
- Warde Medical Laboratory ↗
- Progesterone
- North Bristol NHS Trust (Severn Pathology) / LabCorp phase-specific reference intervals ↗
- Prolactin
- Roche Cobas prolactin assay reference intervals (manufacturer)
- SHBG
- University of Florida Pathology Laboratories (reference lab interval) ↗University of Florida Pathology Laboratories ↗
Immunity 18
- ANA Titer
- ARUP Laboratories / Medscape (ANA by EIA reference range)
- Anti-dsDNA antibodies
- Catalog (lab-reported, assay-dependent cutoff) ↗
- ASO Titer
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Medscape (eMedicine) / Labpedia.net ↗
- Complement C3
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Complement C4
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Deamidated Gliadin Peptide (DGP) IgG
- University of Iowa Health Care, Department of Pathology Laboratory Handbook (Gliadin Deamidated IgG) ↗University of Iowa Health Care, Department of Pathology Laboratory Handbook ↗
- Eosinophil Cationic Protein (ECP)
- Catalog lab-reported value (no professional-society guideline defines a single ECP reference threshold)
- IgA (Immunoglobulin A)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Cleveland Clinic ↗
- IgE (Total)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)University of Florida Pathology Laboratories ↗
- IgG (Immunoglobulin G)
- Rotterdam Study (Eur J Epidemiol / PMC8604889), citing assay manufacturer reference interval ↗
- IgM (Immunoglobulin M)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Eurofins-Viracor IL-6 Serum Test (1257) ↗MLabs (University of Michigan) Interleukin-6 Serum ↗
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- Cleveland Clinic / general clinical laboratory reference ↗
- Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG) IgG
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories / Labcorp (assay-specific cutoff)University of Iowa Health Care Pathology Handbook (Celiac Disease Panel, tTG antibody cutoff) ↗
Infections 4
- Hepatitis C Antibody
- CDC — Clinical Screening and Diagnosis for Hepatitis C ↗
Inflammation 7
- C-reactive protein (CRP)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Cleveland Clinic Laboratories ↗
- C-Reactive Protein (High Sensitivity)
- laboratory reference interval ↗NIH/PMC — The Use of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Clinical Practice (CDC/AHA cutpoints) ↗
- ESR
- NCBI StatPearls — Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (Westergren method) ↗NCBI StatPearls — Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ↗
- GDF-15 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15)
- Reference ranges for GDF-15 in a large general population cohort (Clinical Chemistry, PMC9524804) ↗
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR, calc)
- Forget et al. 2017, BMC Research Notes (normal NLR in healthy adults) ↗
Iron 8
- Hepcidin
- laboratory reference interval ↗Asian J Transfus Sci 2023 (PMC10180798) — Indian blood donor reference range, men ↗Asian J Transfus Sci 2023 (PMC10180798) — Indian blood donor reference range, women ↗
- Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR)
- Larsson et al., Int J Lab Hematol 2021 (Roche Cobas reference intervals) ↗
- Transferrin
- StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf, NIH) ↗
Kidneys 9
- BUN/Creatinine Ratio
- MDCalc (BUN/Creatinine Ratio) ↗Labpedia (BUN/Creatinine Ratio) ↗
- Creatinine
- Helix (lab reference intervals)North Bristol NHS Trust (Severn Pathology) ↗
- Cystatin C
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Reference intervals for plasma cystatin C traceable to ERM-DA471/IFCC (Clin Biochem / PMC6817201) ↗
- Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
- National Kidney Foundation (NKF) ↗
- Urea (BUN)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)UK National Pathology Harmonisation (via NHS reference labs: North West London Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals) ↗
- Uric Acid
- laboratory reference intervalFrontiers in Medicine - Urate Crystals; Beyond Joints (2021) ↗
- Urine Albumin (microalbumin)
- StatPearls (NCBI) / KDIGO classification ↗StatPearls (NCBI) ↗
- Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
- KDIGO 2024 CKD Guideline / NIDDK ↗KDIGO Albuminuria Categories (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗
- Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio (UPCR)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Cleveland Clinic ↗
Lipids 16
- ApoB/ApoA1 Ratio
- AMORIS cohort (Walldius et al., PLOS Medicine 2021) ↗
- Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Atherogenic Coefficient
- Helix (lab reference intervals) ↗
- HDL Cholesterol
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) ↗
- LDL Cholesterol
- MLabs (University of Michigan) / NCEP ATP III ↗NCEP ATP III (via MLabs reference lab) ↗
- LDL Particle Number (LDL-P, NMR)
- OptimalDX research blog (LDL Particle Number / NMR), citing NMR LipoProfile interpretive cut-points; corroborated by NMR LipoProfile <1000 nmol/L optimal cut-point ↗
- Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]
- National Lipid Association (2024 focused update) / European Atherosclerosis Society ↗National Lipid Association (2024 focused update) / EAS ↗National Lipid Association (2024 focused update) / EAS / ACC-AHA ↗
- Non-HDL Cholesterol
- National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III), via University of Iowa Health Care Lab Handbook ↗NCEP ATP III (University of Iowa Health Care Lab Handbook) ↗
- Oxidized LDL (oxLDL)
- Quest Diagnostics (oxidized LDL reference interval, as cited by Optimal DX) ↗
- Remnant Cholesterol (calc)
- Remnant Cholesterol and Residual Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (review, PMC11868899) ↗
- Small Dense LDL Cholesterol (sdLDL-C)
- Lamkin Clinic (advanced lipid lab reference) / ARIC Study (PMC3999643) ↗Lamkin Clinic (advanced lipid lab reference) ↗
- Total Cholesterol
- NCEP ATP III (via Cleveland Clinic / MedlinePlus) ↗NCEP ATP III (Cleveland Clinic) ↗
- Triglycerides
- laboratory reference interval ↗NHLBI (NIH) — High Blood Triglycerides / NCEP ATP III ↗NCBI Bookshelf (Endotext) — Hypertriglyceridemia classification ↗
- VLDL Cholesterol (calc)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
Liver 14
- Albumin
- Helix (lab reference intervals)MedlinePlus (NIH) ↗
- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)NHS / Medical News Today (lab reference) ↗
- ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)
- Invitro (lab reference intervals)Cleveland Clinic — Alanine Transaminase (ALT) Blood Test ↗
- AST (Aspartate aminotransferase)
- Invitro (lab reference intervals)Cleveland Clinic (reference lab interval) / ACG Clinical Guideline 2017 (no universal AST ULN) ↗
- AST/ALT Ratio (De Ritis)
- AST/ALT ratio (Wikipedia, citing clinical literature) ↗
- Bile Acids, Total
- Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy – Time to redefine the reference range of total serum bile acids (Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand / PMC) ↗
- Bilirubin, Direct
- UCSF Health ↗
- Bilirubin, Indirect (calc)
- EBMconsult — Lab Test: Bilirubin, Unconjugated, Indirect (Serum) ↗
- Bilirubin, Total
- Helix (lab reference intervals)
- Creatine Kinase (CK)
- Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA Quest) — Simply Stated: The Creatine Kinase Test ↗
- FIB-4 (Fibrosis-4) Index
- AASLD (NAFLD/MASLD clinical care pathway) ↗
- GGT (Gamma-GT)
- Reference lab interval (sex-specific); upper limit consistent with Cleveland Clinic (<50 U/L typical) ↗
- Total Protein
- Helix (lab reference intervals)Reference lab interval (consensus; MedlinePlus/NIH gives 65-81 g/L) ↗
Thyroid 13
- Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibodies
- Medscape (Antithyroglobulin: Reference Range) ↗
- Anti-TPO Antibodies
- LabCorp (reference lab adult interval) ↗
- Free T4
- UCSF Health ↗
- Free Thyroxine Index (T7)
- OptimalDX (citing standard lab reference range) ↗
- Reverse T3 (rT3)
- LabCorp (Reverse T3, LC/MS-MS) ↗
- T3 Uptake (Thyroid Hormone Binding Ratio)
- SelfDecode Labs (T3 Uptake Blood Test) ↗
- Thyroglobulin
- Lab assay-specific euthyroid reference interval (catalog default; thyroglobulin ranges are assay-dependent, commonly ~3-40 ng/mL per Medscape/CRM-457)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
- Invitro (lab reference intervals)StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) — Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) ↗MedlinePlus / clinical consensus (TSH 4.5-10 mIU/L = subclinical hypothyroidism) ↗Clinical consensus (TSH >=10 mIU/L = overt hypothyroidism) ↗
- Thyroxine Binding Globulin (TBG)
- MedlinePlus (NIH/NLM Medical Encyclopedia) ↗
- Total T3 (Triiodothyronine, Total)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Total T4 (Thyroxine, Total)
- URMC Health Encyclopedia (University of Rochester Medical Center) ↗
- TSI (Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins)
- University of Michigan Medical Laboratories (MLabs) ↗
Toxicology 2
Tumor markers 13
- AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)
- Helix (lab reference intervals)
- AFP-L3 (Lens culinaris-reactive AFP)
- FUJIFILM Wako (µTASWako AFP-L3 Test, assay manufacturer) ↗FUJIFILM Wako (µTASWako AFP-L3 Test) ↗
- Beta-hCG
- ACOG Clinical Consensus (2026) / Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine ↗Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine (2021) ↗
- CA 15-3
- laboratory reference interval ↗University of Rochester Medical Center — Health Encyclopedia (CA 15-3) ↗
- CA-125
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Calcitonin
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (NIH/NLM) — Calcitonin blood test ↗Medscape Reference (Calcitonin reference range) ↗Cancers 2023 — Update on Calcitonin Screening for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (12,984 patients) ↗
- Des-Gamma-Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP / PIVKA-II)
- Utility of PIVKA-II and AFP in Differentiating Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Non-Malignant High-Risk Patients (PMC9416286) ↗Utility of PIVKA-II and AFP in Differentiating HCC from Non-Malignant High-Risk Patients (PMC9416286) ↗What is the PIVKA-II cut-off value for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? (DrOracle clinical reference) ↗
- Gastrin
- WebMD (Gastrin Test) ↗
- PSA (Free)
- Lab-reported cutoff (catalog value); no authoritative guideline defines an absolute free-PSA ng/mL range
- PSA (Total)
- American Cancer Society ↗
Urinalysis 8
- Urine Ketones (dipstick)
- UCSF Health (A.D.A.M. / MedlinePlus encyclopedia) ↗
- Urine Leukocyte Esterase
- StatPearls (NCBI/NIH) — Urinalysis ↗
- Urine Protein (dipstick)
- AAFP - Proteinuria in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach ↗
- Urine Specific Gravity
- NCBI StatPearls (Urinalysis) ↗
- Urine Urobilinogen
- MedlinePlus (U.S. National Library of Medicine, NIH) ↗
- Urine WBC (HPF)
- StatPearls (NCBI) — Urinalysis ↗
Vitals and body (Apple Health) 19
- Active Energy
- App catalog target (no authoritative guideline defines a daily active-energy kcal normal range)
- Blood Pressure Diastolic
- laboratory reference interval ↗American Heart Association — Understanding Blood Pressure Readings ↗
- Blood Pressure Systolic
- laboratory reference intervalNHS - Low blood pressure (hypotension) ↗American Heart Association - Understanding Blood Pressure Readings ↗
- Body Fat Percentage
- laboratory reference interval ↗ACE body fat categories (ACSM & ACE, Stony Brook) ↗
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- CDC — Adult BMI Categories ↗
- Body Temperature
- MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine) — Body temperature norms ↗MedlinePlus (NIH) / Cleveland Clinic ↗MedlinePlus (NIH) — Body temperature norms ↗StatPearls — Physiology, Fever (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗
- Daily Steps
- Lancet Public Health 2022 meta-analysis (Paluch et al., 15 international cohorts) ↗Lancet Public Health 2022 meta-analysis (Paluch et al.) ↗Lancet Public Health 2025 dose-response meta-analysis (Ding et al.) ↗
- Heart Rate Variability (RMSSD)
- Shaffer & Ginsberg, An Overview of HRV Metrics and Norms, Frontiers in Public Health 2017 (citing Nunan 2010 meta-analysis) ↗
- Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
- laboratory reference interval ↗StatPearls / NCBI Bookshelf - Physiology, Mean Arterial Pressure ↗
- Pulse Pressure
- laboratory reference interval ↗NCBI StatPearls — Physiology, Pulse Pressure ↗Cleveland Clinic — Pulse Pressure ↗
- Respiratory Rate (rest)
- NCBI StatPearls — Abnormal Respirations ↗
- Resting Heart Rate
- American Heart Association ↗
- Sleep Duration
- National Sleep Foundation (Hirshkowitz et al., Sleep Health 2015) ↗CDC MMWR 2016 / AASM-SRS consensus ↗National Sleep Foundation (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) ↗
- Sleep Efficiency
- National Sleep Foundation Sleep Quality Recommendations (Ohayon et al., 2017, Sleep Health) ↗National Sleep Foundation Sleep Quality Recommendations (Ohayon et al., 2017) ↗
- Waist Circumference
- World Health Organization (waist circumference risk thresholds) ↗World Health Organization (via Heart Research UK) ↗
- Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)
- WHO Expert Consultation on Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio (2008) ↗
- Walking Speed
- laboratory reference intervalPerry J, et al. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke. 1995 (cutoffs restated in Fritz & Lusardi, validated in PMC2587153) ↗Perry J, et al. Classification of walking handicap in the stroke population. Stroke. 1995 (validated in PMC2587153) ↗
Vitamins and minerals 26
- CTX (CrossLaps)
- Roche Elecsys β-CrossLaps reference values (as published by South Tees Hospitals NHS / University of Michigan MLabs) ↗
- Folate (B9)
- laboratory reference interval ↗Khan KM, Jialal I. Folic Acid Deficiency. StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf ↗
- Holotranscobalamin (holoTC)
- Eastern Pathology Alliance (NHS) — Holotranscobalamin (Active B12) ↗Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust — Active B12 (Holotranscobalamin) ↗
- Iodine (Serum/Plasma)
- University of Michigan MLabs (Iodine, Serum) ↗
- Methylmalonic Acid (MMA)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Osteocalcin
- Reference intervals for serum osteocalcin concentrations in adult men and women from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), IDS-iSYS N-Mid Osteocalcin assay ↗SHIP study reference intervals (IDS-iSYS N-Mid Osteocalcin), PMC/NCBI ↗
- Prealbumin (Transthyretin)
- Ranasinghe et al., "Prealbumin: The clinical utility and analytical methodologies," Annals of Clinical Biochemistry (2022); concordant with StatPearls Nutritional Assessment (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗Ranasinghe et al., Annals of Clinical Biochemistry (2022) ↗
- PTH (Parathyroid hormone)
- Cleveland Clinic ↗
- Vitamin A (Retinol)
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — Vitamin A and Carotenoids Fact Sheet ↗
- Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- University of Michigan MLabs ↗
- Vitamin B12
- Reference lab interval (Roche/common immunoassay), consistent with StatPearls clinical cutoff ↗StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) ↗
- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
- StatPearls (Riboflavin Deficiency, NCBI Bookshelf) + literature (plasma riboflavin status study); current 6.2–39 nmol/L traces to Mayo Clinic Labs / HealthMatters.io ↗
- Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Labcorp Test 070115 (Vitamin B3, Niacin and Metabolite) — nicotinamide reference interval, via HealthMatters.io ↗
- Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories (FPAB Pantothenic Acid Bioassay), corroborated via web search snippet ↗
- Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate)
- University of Washington Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology — Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate) test guide ↗
- Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Labpedia (clinical lab reference) ↗
- Vitamin D (1,25-OH)
- Ulta Lab Tests (LC-MS/MS reference interval) ↗
- Vitamin D (25-Hydroxy)
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (National Academy of Medicine thresholds) ↗NIH Office of Dietary Supplements / National Academy of Medicine ↗Institute of Medicine / Endocrine Society (toxicity hallmark) ↗
- Vitamin D (25-OH)
- Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2011), Holick et al., J Clin Endocrinol Metab ↗Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2011), Holick et al. ↗Vitamin D - StatPearls (NCBI), and Vitamin D Toxicity: A Clinical Perspective ↗
- Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
- Merck Manual Professional Edition — Vitamin E Deficiency ↗
- Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
- Sværke Jørgensen et al., age-dependent reference intervals (Danish population, n=3808, SPE-LC-MS/MS) ↗